Specialized instrumentation is essential for development of novel energy-production materials. Instruments in our lab include: Flow reactors, Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP) reactors, Ultrahigh vacuum systems equipped with mass spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Infrared absorption reflection spectroscopy, High Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer (HREELS), Ultrahigh vacuum system equipped for photodesorption measurements, and an STM equipped for surface photochemistry studies.